substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ (n):

# [countable] a type of solid, liquid or gas that has particular qualities.

a chemical/ radioactive/ hazardous substance. (hóa chất / chất phóng xạ / chất độc hại)

Some frogs produce toxic substances in their skin.


amber /ˈæmbər/ (n):

# [uncountable] ​a hard clear yellow-brown substance, formed in ancient times from the resin of trees, used in making jewellery or beautiful objects; Hổ phách.

amber beads (chuỗi hổ phách).

* bead (n): [countable] a small piece of glass, wood, etc., with a hole through it, that can be put on a string with others of the same type and worn as jewellery, etc.


chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ (n):

# a substance obtained by or used in a chemical process.

toxic chemicals;

Toy manufacturers have been banned from using the chemicals.


fossil /ˈfɑːsl/ (n):

# [countable] The parts of a dead animal or a plant that have become hard and turned into rock; Hóa thạch.

fossils over two million years old.


dimension /daɪˈmenʃn/ or /dɪˈmenʃn/ (n):

# a measurement in space, for example how high, wide or long something is; Kích thước.

We measured the dimensions of the kitchen.

computer design tools that work in three dimensions.


commodious /kəˈməʊdiəs/ (adj):

# (formal) ​having a lot of space.


concave /kɑːnˈkeɪv/ (adj):

​# (of an outline or a surface) curving in.

a concave lens/ mirror.

The upper surface is slightly concave.

The inside of a shiny spoon is a common example of a concave mirror.

OPPOSITE convex;


beige /beɪʒ/ (adj):

# ​light yellow-brown in colour.

a pale beige hat.


sheer /ʃɪə(r)/ or /ʃɪr/ (adj):

# very steep.

sheer cliffs/ slopes.

Outside there was a sheer drop down to the sea below.


# ​(of cloth, etc.) thin, light and almost transparent.

sheer nylon.


sheer /ʃɪə(r)/ or /ʃɪr/ (adv):

# ​straight up or down.

The cliffs rise sheer from the beach.

The ground dropped sheer away at our feet.