sake


mechanism






clove /kləʊv/ (n):

#1. [countable, uncountable] the dried flower of a tropical tree, used in cooking as a spice, especially in sweet foods. Cloves look like small nails.

[Related entries: Spices]


#2. [countable] a garlic clove | a clove of garlic: one of the small separate sections of a bulb (= the round underground part) of garlic.

Use one crushed clove of garlic.

[Related entries: Spices]


spice /spaɪs/ (n):

#1. [countable, uncountable] one of the various types of powder or seed that come from plants and are used in cooking. Spices have a strong taste and smell. (gia vị)

common spices such as ginger and cinnamon.

a spice jar.

[Related entries: Spices]


agony /ˈæɡəni/ (n):

# [uncountable, countable] (plural agonies) ​extreme physical or mental pain.

in agony: Jack collapsed in agony on the floor.

in an agony of something: She waited in an agony of suspense.

It was agony not knowing where the children were.

The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.

Tell me now! Don’t prolong the agony (= make it last longer).

It is inhuman to keep a man facing the agony of execution for so long.

[Related entries: Difficulty & Failure; General desc. of healthcare; Feelings]


spectrum


zest


peel


rind


skin


treadmill noun

/ˈtredmɪl/

/ˈtredmɪl/

​[singular] work or a way of life that is boring or makes you tired because it involves always doing the same things

I'd like to escape the office treadmill.


mortar /ˈmɔːtə(r)/ (n):

# [uncountable] a mixture of sand, water, lime and cement used in building for holding bricks and stones together. (hồ xây dựng).

[Related entries: Physics;]


# [countable] a small hard bowl in which you can crush substances such as seeds and grains to make them into powder with a special object (called a pestle).

[Related entries: Kitchen stuffs;]


toggle /ˈtɒɡl/ /ˈtɑːɡl/ (n):

# a short piece of wood, plastic, etc. that is put through a loop of thread to fasten something, such as a coat or bag, instead of a button.

[Related entries: ]


breakdown /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ (n):

# [countable, uncountable] a failure of a relationship, discussion or system.

The only ground for divorce is the irretrievable breakdown of the marriage.

marriage breakdown

There has obviously been a breakdown in communications between the two sides.

The breakdown of the negotiations was not unexpected.

the breakdown of law and order.

[Related entries: Difficulty & Failure;]


# [countable] an occasion when a vehicle or machine stops working.

a breakdown on the motorway

a breakdown recovery service

Most breakdown services give priority to women travelling alone.

[Related entries: Difficulty & Failure;]


# [countable, usually singular] detailed information that you get by studying a set of figures.

First, let's look at a breakdown of the costs.

Please provide us with a breakdown of expenditure by department.

[Related entries: Separate;]


# [uncountable] (specialist) the process of a substance breaking into the parts of which it is made.

the breakdown of proteins in the digestive system.

[Related entries: ]


# [countable] (also nervous breakdown) a period of mental illness in which somebody becomes very depressed, anxious and tired, and cannot deal with normal life.

She's still recovering from her breakdown.

[Related entries: Mental health;]


portion


renaissance /rɪˈneɪsns/ /ˈrenəsɑːns/ (n):

# [singular] the Renaissance: the period in Europe during the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries when people became interested in the ideas and culture of ancient Greece and Rome and used these influences in their own art, literature, etc. (Thời Phục Hưng)

Renaissance art.

[Related entries: ]


# a situation when there is new interest in a particular subject, form of art, etc. after a period when it was not very popular.

SYNONYM revival

The British film industry is currently enjoying something of a renaissance.

to experience a renaissance.

[Related entries: ]


revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/ (n):

# [uncountable, countable] an improvement in the condition or strength of something.

the revival of trade

an economic revival

a revival of property values

[Related entries: ]


# [countable, uncountable] the process of something becoming or being made popular or fashionable again.

a religious revival

Jazz is enjoying a revival.

a revival of interest in folk music

[Related entries: ]


breach /briːtʃ/ (n):

# [countable, uncountable] breach of something: a failure to do something that must be done by law.

a breach of contract/ copyright/ warranty

They are in breach of Article 119.

(British English) (a) breach of the peace (= the crime of behaving in a noisy or violent way in public)

Selling goods constituted a breach of regulation 10B.

[Related entries: ]


# [countable, uncountable] breach of something an action that breaks an agreement to behave in a particular way.

a breach of confidence/ trust

a breach of security (= when something that is normally protected is no longer secure)

[Related entries: ]


# [countable] a break in a relationship between people or countries.

The disagreement caused a serious breach in Franco-German relations.

[Related entries: ]


leverage /ˈliːvərɪdʒ/ /ˈlevərɪdʒ/ (n):

# [uncountable] ​(formal) the ability to influence what people do.

diplomatic leverage

Retailers can exert leverage over producers by threatening to take their business elsewhere.

[Related entries: ]


# (specialist) the act of using a lever to open or lift something; the force used to do this.

A longer piece of wood would give you greater leverage.

Position the piece of wood so that maximum leverage can be applied.

[Related entries: ]


intent /ɪnˈtent/ (n):

# [uncountable] (formal or law) ​intent (to do something): what you intend to do.

SYNONYM intention

She denies possessing the drug with intent to supply.

He was charged with wounding with intent.

a letter/ statement of intent

His intent is clearly not to placate his critics.

[Related entries: ]


retention /rɪˈtenʃn/ (n):

# [uncountable] (formal) ​the action of keeping something rather than losing it or stopping it.

The company needs to improve its training and retention of staff.

[Related entries: ]


# the action of keeping liquid, heat, etc. inside something rather than letting it escape.

Eating too much salt can cause fluid retention.

the importance of energy conservation and heat retention.

[Related entries: ]


# the ability to remember things.

Visual material aids the retention of information.

SEE ALSO retain

[Related entries: ]


attrition /əˈtrɪʃn/ (n):

# [uncountable] (formal) a process of making somebody/ something, especially your enemy, weaker by repeatedly attacking them or creating problems for them.

It was a war of attrition.

These were the economics not of efficiency but of attrition.

[Related entries: ]

# (especially North American English) (British English usually natural wastage) the process of reducing the number of people who are employed by an organization by, for example, not replacing people who leave their jobs.

[Related entries: ]



formality


necessity /nəˈsesəti/ (n):

# [uncountable] the fact that something must happen or be done; the need for something.

necessity for something: We recognize the necessity for a written agreement.

necessity of (doing) something: We were discussing the necessity of employing more staff.

necessity (for somebody) to do something: There had never been any necessity for her to go out to work.

There is absolutely no necessity for you to be involved.

of necessity: This is, of necessity, a brief and incomplete account.

out of necessity: He is changing job out of necessity, not because he particularly wants to.

[Related entries: ]


compatibility /kəmˌpætəˈbɪləti/ (n):

# [uncountable] compatibility (with somebody/something) | compatibility (between A and B): the ability of people or things to live or exist together without problems.

The compatibility of brothers and sisters depends on their personalities.

[Related entries: ]


# the ability of machines, especially computers, and computer programs to be used together.

[Related entries: ]


respect /rɪˈspekt/ (n):

# [countable] in… respect: a particular aspect or detail of something.

In this respect we are very fortunate.

This has been a difficult year in many respects.

There was one respect, however, in which they differed.

[Related entries: ]


rendezvous /ˈrɒndɪvuː/ /ˈrɒndeɪvuː/ /ˈrɑːndɪvuː/ /ˈrɑːndeɪvuː/ (n):

(plural rendezvous /ˈrɒndɪvuːz/ /ˈrɒndeɪvuːz/ /ˈrɑːndɪvuːz/ /ˈrɑːndeɪvuːz/)

# (from French)

[Related entries: ]


authentication /ɔːˌθentɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n):

[Related entries: ]



clarity /ˈklærəti/ (n):

# [uncountable]

[Related entries: ]


index

[Related entries: ]


associate

[Related entries: ]


infant

[Related entries: ]

bundle of joy

[Related entries: ]


paradox /ˈpærədɒks/ /ˈpærədɑːks/ (n):

# ​[countable] a person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange.

He was a paradox - A loner who loved to chat to strangers.

It is a curious paradox that professional comedians often have unhappy personal lives.

[Related entries: Difference;]


proposition /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃn/ /ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃn/ (n):

#​ an idea or a plan of action that is suggested, especially in business.

I'd like to put a business proposition to you.

He was trying to make it look like an attractive proposition.

[Related entries: Suggestion & Advice;]


# a thing that you intend to do; a problem, task or person to be dealt with.

SYNONYM matter;

Getting a work permit in the UK is not always a simple proposition.

[Related entries: Difficulty & Failure; Similarity]


# (also Proposition) (in the US) a suggested change to the law that people can vote on.

How did you vote on Proposition 8?

[Related entries: Law & Justice;]


# (formal) a statement that expresses an opinion.

The book puts forward a number of extreme propositions about the nature of language.

[Related entries: Statement;]


extreme


honour code


honourable mention


agoraphobia /ˌæɡərəˈfəʊbiə/ (n):

# [uncountable] (specialist) ​a fear of being in public places where there are many other people.

She had agoraphobia and never wanted to go out of the house.

COMPARE claustrophobia


claustrophobia /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə/ (n):

# [uncountable] ​an extreme fear of being shut in a small place; the unpleasant feeling that a person gets in a situation that limits them.

to suffer from claustrophobia.

She felt she had to escape from the claustrophobia of family life.

I hate lifts - they give me claustrophobia.


transphobia


phobia


phobic


megalomania


vertigo


notion /ˈnəʊʃn/ (n):

# ​an idea, a belief or an understanding of something.

notion of something: a political system based on the notions of equality and liberty

She had only a vague notion of what might happen.

He has no notion of the difficulty of the problem.

The author challenges preconceived notions of storytelling.

She dismissed the very notion of compromise.

notion that… I have to reject the notion that greed can be a good thing.

notion how, what, why, etc… I haven't the faintest notion how to get there.

notion about something I don't have any romantic notions about rural living.


dose noun

/dəʊs/

/dəʊs/

Idioms

​ an amount of a medicine or a drug that is taken once, or regularly over a period of time

a high/low/lethal dose

Repeat the dose after 12 hours if necessary.

Take a single dose at bedtime to help you sleep.

I always take my daily dose of vitamin C.


intake noun

/ˈɪnteɪk/

/ˈɪnteɪk/

​ [uncountable, countable] the amount of food, drink, etc. that you take into your body

high fluid intake

to reduce your daily intake of salt


portion noun

/ˈpɔːʃn/

an amount of food that is large enough for one person

a generous portion of meat

She cut the cake into six small portions.

You should eat several portions of fruit a day.

Do you serve children’s portions?

This particular type of fish has less than 200 calories per portion.



pile noun

/paɪl/

/paɪl/

SEE ALSO piles

Idioms

​ [countable] a number of things that have been placed on top of each other

pile of something a pile of clothes/paper

I found it in a pile of documents on his desk.

in/into a pile The hats were stacked in neat piles.

I've sorted the books into three separate piles.



account

a written or spoken description of something that has happened

an eyewitness account (= a description given by somebody who saw what happened)

a first-hand/personal/first-person account

account of something Can you give us an account of what happened?

The diaries contained a detailed account of the writer's experiences in China.


allegation noun

/ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn/

/ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn/

​a public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal

SYNONYM accusation

to investigate/deny/withdraw an allegation

allegation of something Several newspapers made allegations of corruption in the city's police department.

allegation (of something) against somebody allegations of dishonesty against him

allegation about somebody/something The committee has made serious allegations about interference in its work.

allegation that… an allegation that he had been dishonest


alliance /əˈlaɪəns/ (n):

#1.​ an agreement between countries, political parties, etc. to work together in order to achieve something that they all want.

to form/ make an alliance.

alliance with somebody/ something: The Social Democrats are now in alliance with the Greens.

alliance between A and B: an alliance between education and business to develop the use of technology in schools.

[Related entries: Agreement]


quarrel /ˈkwɒrəl/ /ˈkwɑːrəl/ (n):

#1. ​[countable] an angry argument or disagreement between people, often about a personal matter.

a family quarrel

quarrel with somebody: He did not mention the quarrel with his wife.

[Related entries: Agreement]


leak

a deliberate act of giving secret information to the newspapers, etc.

There has been a leak to the press about the government plans on tax.

There will be an inquiry into the alleged security leaks.


heyday noun

/ˈheɪdeɪ/

/ˈheɪdeɪ/

[usually singular]

​the time when somebody/something had most power or success, or was most popular

SYNONYM prime

In its heyday, the company ran trains every fifteen minutes.

a fine example from the heyday of Italian cinema

a picture of Brigitte Bardot in her heyday


hey presto exclamation

/ˌheɪ ˈprestəʊ/

/ˌheɪ ˈprestəʊ/

(British English)

(North American English presto)

​something that people say when they have just done something so quickly and easily that it seems to have been done by magic

You just press the button and, hey presto, a perfect cup of coffee!


fancy man noun

/ˈfænsi mæn/

/ˈfænsi mæn/

(old-fashioned, informal, disapproving)

​the man with whom a person is having a romantic relationship, especially when one or both of them is married to somebody else.


nostalgia noun

/nɒˈstældʒə/

/nəˈstældʒə/, /nɑːˈstældʒə/

[uncountable]

​a sad feeling mixed with pleasure when you think of happy times in the past

a sense/wave/pang of nostalgia

She is filled with nostalgia for her own college days.


surroundings noun

/səˈraʊndɪŋz/

/səˈraʊndɪŋz/

[plural]

​everything that is around or near somebody/something

SYNONYM environment

to work in pleasant surroundings

The buildings have been designed to blend in with their surroundings.


hinterland